[Korea] Korean Terms

[Kraen]

I would like to compile a list of Korean terms used in MA. I myself am still struggling with counting past 6 so I'd like to encourage anyone who wants to contribute to this thread to do so! :)

[klaasb]

Here are some words. First the word in hangul, followed by the appropriate hanja, romanized word and meaning.

한 韓 Han Korean
합 合 Hap Combine, unite
기 氣 Gi (ki) Internal energy
도 道 Do Way
검 劍 Geom (kum) Sword
기 技 Gi (ki) Skill, technique
원 圓 Won Circle
류 流 Yu Gentle
화 和 Hwa Harmony
유 柔 Yu Soft
무 武 Mu Martial
술 術 Sul Method, skill
법 法 Bub Technique, method
예 藝 Ye Art, talent
정 正 Jeong Righteous
관 館 Gwan (kwan) House, building
도장 道場 Dojang Martial gym
체육관 體育館 Che Yuk Kwan Sports gym
사범(님) 師範 Sabeom(nim) Teacher (martial arts)
관장(님) 館長 Kwanjang(nim) Head of a kwan
도주(님) 道主 Doju(nim) Keeper of the way
국사(님) 國士 Kuksa(nim) Country teacher
도복 道服 Dobok Uniform (martial arts)
띠 Tti Belt
급 級 Guep Grade
단 段 Dan Grade
천 天 Cheon Heaven, sky
지 地 Ji Earth
인 人 In Person
음 陰 Uem Uem or Yin, negative
양 陽 Yang Yang, positive
전환 轉換 Jeon Hwan Conversion, turn around
역류 逆流 Young Nyu Counter current.
심화 心和 Sim Hwa Heart Harmony
단전 丹田 Dan Jeon Lower abdomen / hypogastrium (Lit. red field)
단전호흡 丹田呼吸 Dan Jeon Ho Heub Dan Jeon or Hypogastric Breathing
호신술 護身術 Ho Sin Sul Self defense
낙법 落法 Nak Beop Falling techniques
발질 Bal Jil Kicking techniques


Korean numbers
하나 Hana One
둘 Dul Two
셋 Set Three
넷 Net Four
다섯 Daseot Five
여섯 Yeoseot Six
일곱 Ilgop Seven
여덟 Yeodeol Eight
아홉 Ahop Nine
열 Yeol Ten
얼하나 Yeol hana Eleven
스물 Sue mul Twenty
서른 Seo reun Thirty
마흔 Ma heun Forty
쉰 Swin Fifty
예순 Ye sun Sixty
일흔 Ee reun Seventy
여든 Yeo deun Eighty
아흔 A heun Ninety


Sino-Korean numbers
일 一 Il One, first
이 二 Ee Two, second
삼 三 Sam Three, third
사 四 Sa Four, fourth
오 五 Oh Five, fifth
육 六 Yuk Six, sixth
칠 七 Ch’il Seven, seventh
팔 八 Pal Eight
구 九 Gu Nine, ninth
십 十 Sib Ten, tenth
십일 十一 Sib Il Eleven
이십 二十 Ee sib Twenty
이십일 二十一 Ee sib il Twenty-one
백 百 Baek One hundred
천 千 Cheon Thousand
만 萬 Man Ten thousand
공 空 Gong Zero
영 零 Yeong Zero

Terminology used in class
앉아 / 앉으세요 Sit down (please)
차려 Attention
경내 Bow
무념 (無念) Freedom from distraction (empty mind)
바로 Face forward
마주 봐/보세요 Face each other (please)
앞으로 To the front
뒤로 To the back
수고했습니다 You have given great effort.
감사합니다 Thank you.
준비 (Get) ready.
시작 Start

[DaeHanL]

klaasb, thanks for sharing all that great terminology.

you might want to romanize the terminology used in class. Not everyone can read 한글Hangul.

[klaasb]

It isn't that hard to learn.

If I can learn it, anybody can ;-)

[DaeHanL]

It isn't that hard to learn.

If I can learn it, anybody can ;-)

i didn't learn to read korean until i was an adult. i was surprised by how very easy it wasy! i learned in about 2 weeks.

[klaasb]

For those who can't read it yet: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangul

[TSDSteve]

Hi Kraen,

if you search though google for Tang Soo Do federations there are a few that have downloadable terminology documents which might help

[Studude67]

Heres a list of body parts and organs.. i was making my own list but found this one to be better :P

Boby Parts
English Hangul Pronunciation
body 몸 mom
head 머리 meori
hair 머리카락 meorikarak
face 얼굴 eolgul
forehead 이마 ima
eye 눈 nun
eyebrow 눈썹 nunsseop
eyelid 눈꺼풀 nunkkeopul
eyelashes 속눈썹 songnunsseop
ear 귀 gwi
cheek 볼 bol
nose 코 ko
nostrils 콧구멍 kogumeong
mouth 입 ip
lips 입술 ipsul
tongue 혀 hyeo
neck 목 mok
nape of the neck 목덜미 mokdeolmi
throat 목구멍 mokgumeong
tooth 이 i
gum 잇몸 inmom
chin 턱 teok
shoulder 어깨 eokkae
arm 팔 pal
wrist 팔목 palmok
elbow 팔꿈치 palkkumchi
hand 손 son
wrist 손목 sonmok
palm of the hand 손바닥 sonbadak
fist 주먹 jumeok
finger 손가락 songarak
thumb 엄지 eomji
index finger 검지 geomji
ring finger 약지 yakji
fingernail 손톱 sontop
breast 가슴 gaseum
breast 유방 yubang
armpit 겨드랑이 gyeodeurangi
side 옆구리 yeopguri
back 등 deung
waist 허리 heori
abdomen 배 bae
navel 배꼽 baekkop
buttocks 엉덩이 eongdeongi
leg 다리 dari
thigh 허벅지 heobeokji
knee 무릎 mureup
foot 발 bal
ankle 발목 balmok
toenail 발톱 baltop
heel 뒤꿈치 dwikkumchi
skin 살갗/피부 salgat
muscles 근육 geunyuk
bone 뼈 ppyeo


Internal Organs
English Hangul Pronunciation
heart 심장 simjang
liver 간 gan
lungs 폐 pye
stomach 위 wi
appendix 맹장 maengjang
kidney 콩팥 kongpat
pancreas 췌장 chwejang
gall 담낭 damnang
bowels 장 jang
womb 자궁 jagung
brain 뇌 noe
anus 항문 hangmun


its really funny once you understand korean noticing how some of the words are made, for example 손목 sohn mok meaning wrist which happens to be made from 손 sohn (hand) and 목 mok (neck) so when translated it can sound like your saying "hands neck" which kinda makes sense, the same goes for 발목 balmok meaning ankle.

Another which i really like is 목구멍 (mok goomong) which means throat, but when broken down 목 mok meaning neck and 구멍 means hole so whens translated it sounds like neck hole hahaha

[DaeHanL]

hey, i get to bone up on some korean words i've forgotten. thanks!

[klaasb]

I think that for kidney the better word would be 신장 (sinjang)

[klaasb]

관절 (gwanjeol) = joint (http://endic.naver.com/endic.nhn?docid=622620&rd=s)
손목관절 = wrist joint

뼈 (bbyeo) = bone (http://endic.naver.com/endic.nhn?docid=134300&rd=s)

피 (pi) = blood (http://endic.naver.com/endic.nhn?docid=126950&rd=s)
코피 = bloodnose

[DaeHanL]

it is neat how mok is used. I never thought about it before.

[Sackett]

Terrific stuff, guys. Thanks!

[Studude67]

I think that for kidney the better word would be 신장 (sinjang)

yeah maybe ur right about the kidney, ive never had to use the word myslef i dont think~

and yeah 코피 = nose bleed :P i always say to children when i teach them english that im drinking coffee (커피) but because of my british accent it sounds just like 코피 as in nose bleed so they always laugh hahaha

[Quozl]

Terminology used in class
앉아 / 앉으세요 Sit down (please)
차려 Attention
경내 Bow
무념 (無念) Freedom from distraction (empty mind)
바로 Face forward
마주 봐/보세요 Face each other (please)
앞으로 To the front
뒤로 To the back
수고했습니다 You have given great effort.
감사합니다 Thank you.
준비 (Get) ready.
시작 Start

you might want to romanize the terminology used in class. Not everyone can read 한글Hangul.

It isn't that hard to learn.

If I can learn it, anybody can ;-)

i didn't learn to read korean until i was an adult. i was surprised by how very easy it wasy! i learned in about 2 weeks.

For those who can't read it yet: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangul

Thanks gents. really good. I tried the Wiki link, but unfortunately I do not have a head for languages at all. Although I tried. The unfortunate thing about the Wiki link is it doesn't help people like me (serious non-linguists) with the pronunciation of the letters / characters.

Just for simpletons like me, would it be possible for somebody to transliterate the Korean Charaters above, so that I have a chance to learn to pronounce them at all please?

One day I may be able to read Hangul, but not today (unfortunately) sorry!

Cheers Guys, all the best,

Quozl.

[Studude67]

앉아 / 앉으세요 Sit down (please) --- anjuseyo
차려 Attention --- charyeo
경내 Bow --- gyeongnae
무념 (無念) Freedom from distraction (empty mind) --- moo-nyeom
바로 Face forward --- balo
마주 봐/보세요 Face each other (please) --- maju bwa (informal) maju boseyo (formal)

앞으로 To the front --- ap-u-lo
뒤로 To the back --- dwi lo
수고했습니다 You have given great effort. --- soo go hessubnida
감사합니다 Thank you. --- kamsahabnida
준비 (Get) ready. --- junbee
시작 Start --- shijak


sorry my romanization skills arent great but i tried to represent the true sound of the words for you~ hope this helps!

[klaasb]

This is why I think romanization sucks
gyeongnae, how to read it? gyeong-nae or gyeon-gnae?
Studude romanizes as 'ba lo', I would say 'ba ro'. Because the ㄹ is somewhere in between.
If you can remember the 26 letters of the alphabet, how hard can it be to remember the 24 letters of hangul?


Consonants (자음)
ㄱ 기역 [k], soft k-sound. Like in good
ㄴ 니은 [n], n-sound. Like in nice.
ㄷ 디귿 [t], t-sound. Sometimes similar to a d-sound. Dear.
ㄹ 리을 [l], l-sound, but sometimes pronounced as a soft r, depending on its position in the word. Love or red
ㅁ 미음 [m], m-sound. Like moon
ㅂ 비읍 [p], p-sound. But also very close to a b, especially at the beginning of a syllable. Hapkido or bold.
ㅅ 시옷 [s], s-sound. Sound.
o 이응 [ng], -ng sound. This character is somewhat special.
When encountered at the beginning of a syllable there is no sound. At the end of a syllable it is equal to the -ng at the end of a word in English. Training
ㅈ 지읒 [ch], j-sound. Like in joy.

The following consonants are aspirated. They are very close to some of the previous consonants, but when you pronounce them, air leaves your mouth. To test this, keep your hand in front of your mouth when pronouncing them.
ㅊ 치읓 [ch'], ch-sound, like in chase.
ㅋ 키읔 [k'], k-sound, like in kite.
ㅌ 티읕 [t'], t-sound, like in tennis.
ㅍ 피읖 [p'], p-sound, like in plate.
ㅎ 히읗 [h], h-sound, like in hello.

Vowels (모음)
ㅏ 아 [a], strong a-sound. Yahoo.
ㅑ 야 [ya], ya-sound. Yahoo.
ㅓ 어 [eo], eo-sound or u-sound. Lock.
ㅕ 여 [yeo], yeo-sound. Your.
ㅗ 오 [o], o-sound. Go.
ㅛ 요 [yo], yo-sound. Yoghurt.
ㅜ 우 [u], u-sound. You or moose.
ㅠ 유 [yu], yu-sound. You or beautiful.
ㅡ 으 [ue], ue-sound. A 'strange' one, because it doesn't really exist in English. Like center, but you have to make the sound longer. Pulling the corners of your mouth to your ears. A bit like trainer.

ㅣ 이 [i], ee-sound. Me or Bee

Making words
Korean words, or actually the syllables, always start with a consonant, even if the first sound of that syllable is a vowel. This is where the silent 'ㅇ' comes in use. There used to be two ㅇ-characters. One character with a little dot on it and one without. The one with the dot was for the ng-sound, while the other one was used when there was no sound.
This means a syllable in Korean is made of two letters at least.
The vowels can be divided into standing and lying vowels.
The standing vowels (ㅏ, ㅑ, ㅓ, ㅕ and ㅣ) will stand next to the first consonant, while the lying vowels (ㅗ, ㅛ, ㅜ, ㅠ and ㅡ) will lie under the first consonant. In combination with the letter ㄱ it will look like this:

Standing vowels:
가, 갸, 거, 겨, 기

Lying vowels
고, 교, 구, 규, 그

If there is an ending consonant as well, this consonant is always below the first two letters. Lets combine the previous syllables with the letter ㄴ.

Standing vowels
간, 갼, 건, 견, 긴

Lying vowels
곤, 굔, 군, 균, 근


Double consonants
There a few consonants which have slightly different pronunciation from there single-consonant counterparts, these are; 
ㅃ, ㅉ, ㄸ, ㄲ and ㅆ
They are called the ssang-sounds (쌍) where ssang means double.

Combined vowels
It is possible to make even more sounds, by combining vowels. We won’t go into all the sounds, but will just give an overview of all the vowel combinations that exist in modern day Hangul:

ㅐ ㅒ ㅘ ㅚ ㅙ ㅔ ㅖ ㅝ ㅟ ㅞ ㅢ

If the English wiki is too hard for you, try the simple wiki (http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangul)

[Studude67]

Agreed romanization is hard and learning to read and speak is much better. Ofcourse its much easier to learn the pronounciation from a native speaker to get a real feel for it though.

[Quozl]

Many thanks Studude for your transliteration, Much apreciated.

I also very much appreciate your help with Korean Klaasb, I do appreciate your help. With regards to how difficult it is to remember the 24 Hangeul letters, for somebody like me, very! Sorry to say. The difficulty arises in the "blindness" I get with this kind of character. I would liken it to dislexia but it isn't because I am sure with a lot of time I would be able to decipher the korean writing, and I don't suffer from dislexia in Roman letering. I also suffer the same problem with Greek and Cyrilic lettering. It will take time and effort, but one day I will get there. However, please be patient with me! :)

However, all of that is my problem.

The second problem both you and Studude point out is the pronunciation of those letters. "Ba ro" vs "Ba lo" is a case in point. Without a native speaker or a fluent speaker around to listen to one has to try and verbalise the sounds as you think they should sound, based upon the equivalent sounds given in the romanised speach. The other is potential problem is to hear korean words spoken with regional accents such as Geordie or Scots or Scouse, which is intersting but not so useful if one wants to pronounce the words correctly.

Anyway, I am further forward in my endeavor to learn a bit more Korean and improve my linguistic skills so thank you both for all your help.

Quozl

[DaeHanL]

just get Rosetta Stone guys, lol

[klaasb]

The problem with the romanization is, that you still need to know how to pronounce it.
비 would be romanized as 'bi', but the pronunciation is 'be'. So if you don't know that the i in the romanized text stand for an e-sound, you still miss it.
Learning the hangul wil actually help you get closer to the way it is meant to sound.

[Studude67]

The problem with the romanization is, that you still need to know how to pronounce it.
비 would be romanized as 'bi', but the pronunciation is 'be'. So if you don't know that the i in the romanized text stand for an e-sound, you still miss it.
Learning the hangul wil actually help you get closer to the way it is meant to sound.

yeah thats the exact same problem i have with the romanization~ and everyone thinks differently about it etc the only real way is to learn it :P