Sufi orders and the emergence of islam in Southeast Asia

[Crucible]

Its my understanding that Islam was spread to Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philipines by Sufi missionaries. Does anyone know what Sufi orders were in the archipelago's at what times, and what parts of Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philipines specific orders went to? Thank you. I'm also curious what orders you can find in Malaysian, Indonesia and the Philipines today.

[krys]

There are naqshbandi suffis in Indonesia and Malaysia.

[onebir]

There's quite a bit on islam (& islamic influences - potentially mythical - on silat) in this PhD thesis:

"The Politics of Inner Power: The Practice of Pencak Silat in West Java" by Ian Wilson
(http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/search/ then search for silat)

(i also mentioned it in http://www.martialartsplanet.com/forums/showthread.php?t=24997 - apologies if it's bad form to double post - i'm new)

[SilatRucy]

"Meditation in Motion" ~ "The Art of Spiritual Warrior" ~ "Movement Therapy"

As our teacher states, "see and do"; Don't think about it, analyze it, compare it...no. Simply, "see and do."

"Meditation in Motion" is about becomimg conscious of one's Breath and Energy, while learning to experience the Present Moment.

"Meditation in Motion" trains students through the music, dance and martial arts of Indonesian & Malaysia, otherwise known as the art of "Seni Silat MELAYU~ The Art of Truth".

Students go through movement exercises which train the coordination of the hands and feet, while also balancing both "sides of the brain".

Students are also introduced to Sensitivity & Awareness training methods.

Students are furthermore trained to move "with feeling, in balance, and for a purpose".

"Meditation in Motion" is not just dance. The movements are drawn from the martial art of Pencak Silat, and nevertheless, are practical & effective applications used in the realm of self defense and combat.

Yet, beyond this aspect of the art, "Seni Silat Haqq" is a Spiritual Martial Art.

Practitioners in the Old Country are referred to as "Spiritual Warriors" upholding Sufi Chivalry, Honor, Respect and the Pusaka.

"Seni Silat MELAYU" Masters are the spiritual guides & natural healers of their respective communities.

"Meditation in Motion" is about:
Balancing your Senses (Mind, Body & Spirit)
Learning ways to build & sustain one's energy level, sense of direction and focus
Un-learning bad habits & unhealthly patterns of behavior
Being in Present Time, aware of every Breath
Discovering your Higher Self
Connecting to your True Reality
Opening the "Eyes of the Heart"
Dissolving the Veils of Existence
Traveling the Inner Journey towards the Divine
Yet, above and beyond all,

"Seni Silat MELAYU ~ The Art of Truth ~ Meditation in Motion" is about ....... ~ The Experience ~

As a Spiritual Teacher once said:
"I'm not going to teach you anything, because what I teach you will forget.
Instead, what I will give you are experiences......
----------------------------

And from Tradition it is said:

"Silat is not something you do, Silat is something you become......."
:Angel: :woo:

[Sgt_Major]

What Wali was saying is that despite the 'relevant information' in your posts..... a single post of over 6,590 words, is VERY unlikely to be read..... let alone 4 or 5 of them in a row.

I ask that you summerise your points into decent sized posts 200 words or less, and if someone wants clarification of the points/information, THEN you can reference your source. There is no harm in saying something like:


"Such and such a book" says this on the topic....... and leave it at that....

I'll re-open this in a couple hours after I have a better look at the posts already made.

[Sgt_Major]

Opened again, FOR NOW.

I re-iterate my request for shorter posts, or the thread gets killed permanently.

[SilatRucy]

hello silat pupil

why all the commotion about the posts concerning sufism. you said you will read and decide whether the thread gets killed or not . i sense there is some sort of discreet discrimination going on. let me put it frankly in all my travels to malaysia indonesia philipines i have trained with very reputable gurus of both the christian muslim and hindu agama silat for over 35 yrs. after a long reasearch they all honestly said that silat proper came with the advent of sufism and the walisongo, and before that the arts were more from india ie kalaripyattu AND TERMED BY OTHER NAMES BUT REALM SILAT SPIRITUAL IS ISLAMIC!

i just dnt understand sorry to put it frankly who you think you are , let the members of the board decide if my posts are relevant , what is your background in silat? who are you to judge, my posts even if there long people still read them having looked at the viewing counter. MUST I ADD THAT MEMBERS OF THE SILAT COMMUNITY HERE AND ABROAD HAVE BEEN FOLLOWING THIS THREAD AND ARE DISGUSTED OBVIOUSLY BY THIS SORT OF DISCRIMINATING BEHAVIOUR!

True pesilats allways show adab towards oneanother as adab is the very essence of silat.............WHERE HAS ALL YOUR ADAB GONE?????

:woo:

[Kiai Carita]

hello silat pupil. why all the commotion about the posts concerning sufism. you said you will read and decide whether the thread gets killed or not . i sense there is some sort of discreet discrimination going on. let me put it frankly in all my travels to malaysia indonesia philipines i have trained with very reputable gurus of both the christian muslim and hindu agama silat for over 35 yrs. after a long reasearch they all honestly said that silat proper came with the advent of sufism and the walisongo, and before that the arts were more from india ie kalaripyattu AND TERMED BY OTHER NAMES BUT REALM SILAT SPIRITUAL IS ISLAMIC!

SilatRucy, you say you have been training silat for over 35 years but you were born in the 80's? ...

I don't agree that before the wali came to Jawa there was no spiritual silat. The wali and also Zheng He's armada which was active in the Indonesian archopelago in the 1400's certainly brought new blood in to silat and consolidated society after the upheavals of the fall of Majapahit, but they did not introduce Jawa to the art of prayer in movement.

The wali are revered and loved in Jawa because they preserved alot of the old Jawa wisdom and gave it a new form, compatible with Islam. The wali ensured that Jawa still has its gamelan, wayang, and kebatinan, and the Hindu epics Mahabharata and Ramayana are still used as inspiration and guidance by Jawa Muslims. In other places the coming of Islam often meant the complete destruction of the previous culture that was there before Islam came, but in Jawa the wali guarded the aculturation process so that there was a continuation of the culture and the wisdom within it.

Most traditional silat players in Jawa are now Muslim and in West Jawa, in the Cimande region, there is a saying that means, silat without sholat is evil, sholat without silat is weak.

Walisongo silat does not exist in Jawa but it is a big school in London. Apparently there is no direct connection to the legend or history of the wali. The silat taught by the Walisongo team in London originated from Ma Prem, a lady pendekar from Holland who felt that the Walisongo looked after her while she practised her silat, far from home. The name Walisongo there is a dedication, not a claim of originality.

Hormat,
Kiai Carita.

[Sgt_Major]

hello silat pupil

why all the commotion about the posts concerning sufism. you said you will read and decide whether the thread gets killed or not . i sense there is some sort of discreet discrimination going on. let me put it frankly in all my travels to malaysia indonesia philipines i have trained with very reputable gurus of both the christian muslim and hindu agama silat for over 35 yrs. after a long reasearch they all honestly said that silat proper came with the advent of sufism and the walisongo, and before that the arts were more from india ie kalaripyattu AND TERMED BY OTHER NAMES BUT REALM SILAT SPIRITUAL IS ISLAMIC!

i just dnt understand sorry to put it frankly who you think you are , let the members of the board decide if my posts are relevant , what is your background in silat? who are you to judge, my posts even if there long people still read them having looked at the viewing counter. MUST I ADD THAT MEMBERS OF THE SILAT COMMUNITY HERE AND ABROAD HAVE BEEN FOLLOWING THIS THREAD AND ARE DISGUSTED OBVIOUSLY BY THIS SORT OF DISCRIMINATING BEHAVIOUR!

True pesilats allways show adab towards oneanother as adab is the very essence of silat.............WHERE HAS ALL YOUR ADAB GONE?????

:woo:

You want the blatant honest answer? I didnt read your posts. I removed them as they were complete copy/paste of other articles from places other than here/yourself. With that in mind, I, with the backing of the Admin here decided there could be possible copyright issues, and as such removed the posts. As I would have done for ANYONE who posted in the manner you did.

I have no quarrel with your idea that Silat is Islamic, I never disputed it. My dispute was with your posting manner, not the content. Had you done as I requested from the first post, there would be no quarrel, which means simply, you brought this 'issue' on yourself, with your own attitude.

People who cry discrimination the loudest, are often those who discriminate the most. You judge my right to make editorial decisions here on my background on Silat???? And you dare call me discriminatory!!

Fair enough tho..... I have and currently still do train with/under Pendekar William Sanders, Guru Liam McDonald, Guru Robert Scott, Guru Denny and Guru Richard McNeice. While I have only studied a short length of time, and make NO claims to my superiority as you do ..... I am by no means an ignorant noob who feels in any way intimidated by your pathetic posturing and bravado.

Yours Respectfully,
SP

[SilatRucy]

Asalaamalaikum bang Kiai Carita

Maaf zaahir dan bathin.! I apologise for my details being incorrect as i do not wish to disclose them at this precise moment but rest assured that i will do in the present future! 35 yrs was a typing error approx 20 yrs is more correct my apologies again!

I absolutly agree with you that there was spiritual martial arts in indonesia , however in regards to the noun silat it can be found in old bugis literture of sulawesi! however it is not found else where apart from malaysia look at my posting in regards to walisongo lineage! This is because the great wali Sheik Yusuf Makkassar took islam and sufi islamic spiritual martial art ie silat there sulawesi albeit indonesia! However i must also add that the bugis were very feared warriors before the advent of islam there! H owever there ancient religon was neither buddist animist but was realy sivaite and from the ila galigoo one of the longest epics in the world! Later migrations took plsace by the walisongo from malaysia to sumatera and jawa!


My point is that the spiritual martial art was more or less based around the old beliefs ie buddism and hinduism especially the tantric vajrayana path and most were an composite system of chinese indian and other arts in jawa and sumatra ! OnLY WITH THE ARRIVAL WITH THE WALIS DID SILAT PROPER AS WE KNOW IT TODAY WAS PROPOGATED, and even got integrated with the local belief systems a kind of old and knew coming together to form such kejawen systems however there are still pure walisongo systems out there but rest assured you will not learn physical jurus as such but the more interms of sufism and its ultimate weapon of purity and reliance on zikr of allah subahnatala! However certain schools have as a prerequisite a physical training to test the character of the prospective student and also to make his jasad body ready and capable of reicieving spiritual transmissions of a martial nature. Kejawen was even practicised by the much respected catholic preist Guru Romo of tunggal hati seminari and his expeiriences of kejawen led him to formulate his silat!


I ABSOLUTLY AGREE WITH YOU THAT IN INDONESIA AND MALAYSIA NO ONE CLAIMS LINEAGE OF WALISONGO SILAT IN FACT IT MAKES PEOPLE VERY JOVIAL, I AM NOT HERE TO ATTACK ANYONE , HOWEVER AGAIN MUST I ADD THAT IN THE PAST IN NUMEROUS MAGAGZINE ARTICLES ETC THERE WAS CLAIMS OF THE SAID WALISONGO SCHOOL OF PENDEKARS GURUS AND LINEAGE OF WALISONGO .

I am very happy to learn that they have retracted these claims albei through you but never the less as the saying goes bettter late then never!

I am very happy to have been in communication with you any criticisms of my post is much welcomed!

HORMAT

:Angel:

[Saz]

hello silat pupil

why all the commotion about the posts concerning sufism. you said you will read and decide whether the thread gets killed or not . i sense there is some sort of discreet discrimination going on. let me put it frankly in all my travels to malaysia indonesia philipines i have trained with very reputable gurus of both the christian muslim and hindu agama silat for over 35 yrs. after a long reasearch they all honestly said that silat proper came with the advent of sufism and the walisongo, and before that the arts were more from india ie kalaripyattu AND TERMED BY OTHER NAMES BUT REALM SILAT SPIRITUAL IS ISLAMIC!

i just dnt understand sorry to put it frankly who you think you are , let the members of the board decide if my posts are relevant , what is your background in silat? who are you to judge, my posts even if there long people still read them having looked at the viewing counter. MUST I ADD THAT MEMBERS OF THE SILAT COMMUNITY HERE AND ABROAD HAVE BEEN FOLLOWING THIS THREAD AND ARE DISGUSTED OBVIOUSLY BY THIS SORT OF DISCRIMINATING BEHAVIOUR!

True pesilats allways show adab towards oneanother as adab is the very essence of silat.............WHERE HAS ALL YOUR ADAB GONE?????

:woo:

The final say of the content posted on this forum is down to the Admin team. SilatPupil was acting with our full co-operation, and edited down your posts because:

a) They were massive
b) They were copyrighted articles copied and pasted from elsewhere
c) Rather than gracefully move on, you started shouting all over the place.

Thats all there is to it. If you choose to read more into it, so be it, but rubbing the staff up the wrong way and accusing them off all sorts isn't going to help your longevity on this site.

[SilatRucy]

Salaams Silat pupil

My apologies there was a misunderstanding please forgive me, but please do say hi to bill liam andrew my very good friends from me! i enjoy your hikmah, adab and amal !

hormat :cool:

[SilatRucy]

Salaams

copyright is only breached if there is no reference to the material , if your admin checked closly they would see that all material was referenced and has been accepted on other silat forums such as the kps nusantara webpage where abang ong is the admin , if they havbe not had problems with it and infact have welcomed the material in the past as it saves a lot of truth seeking pesilat time and energy.

however if the admin in all their wisdom should decide to ban that is their perogative!

peace

:p :love:

[Saz]

Wrong.

Copyright is breached when you reproduce without permission from the owner of the original material.

Whether it has been accepted on other forums or is irrelevant and "the admin" doesn't have the time to check around other forums to make sure your posts are in order.

We've had removal notices from copyright holders in the past asking use to remove user posted content, much like yours from our site, and thus we do not permit it. Its not worth us potentially getting sued over.

[SilatRucy]

Salaams wrong

point taken you are quite correct ! however is it Wrong with permission , im sorry to say but a lot of the judgement here i see is done with assumption and hearsay, or maybe im wrong again? or maybe the Right question should be asked would he post without permission?

:p

[pete_e]

SilatRucy,

Without involving myself in the debate on copywrited material (I'll leave that to the admin staff) can I humbly suggest that the easiest solution is to provide a brief post summarising the point that you wish to make, and provide a link to the reference material that backs up your point. Those interested enough in the subject can and will follow the links, whilst others with slightly less interest (or time to spend) in the subject can still follow the crux of the discussion and learn from it, and the admin staff can enjoy a quiet life! Everyone wins :D

I have no doubt that your effort in providing supporting material for your well-researched points of view will earn you much respect on this board and doubtless create some lively debate too. Please just remember that respect is a 2 way thing - if you want people to respect your opinions, even if they disagree with them, you need to return the favour.

Peace & Respect!

[Saz]

Salaams wrong

point taken you are quite correct ! however is it Wrong with permission , im sorry to say but a lot of the judgement here i see is done with assumption and hearsay, or maybe im wrong again? or maybe the Right question should be asked would he post without permission?

:p

If you have the relevant permission, please forward it to me at kgirl@martialartsplanet.com

Even then, posting 6,000+ word posts is still discouraged.

[pete_e]

SilatRucy,
Is it fair to say that you see today's Silat as being inextricably linked to Islam? If so, can you explain what aspects of Silat I am missing out on, if I am not muslim?

If, as a non-muslim, I receive a true transmission of a recognised Silat system from someone qualified and approved to teach the system, is what I do still Silat?
Regards
Pete

[Kiai Carita]

SilatRucy,
Is it fair to say that you see today's Silat as being inextricably linked to Islam? If so, can you explain what aspects of Silat I am missing out on, if I am not muslim? If, as a non-muslim, I receive a true transmission of a recognised Silat system from someone qualified and approved to teach the system, is what I do still Silat?
Regards Pete

The period between the coming of Islam in Jawa in the 15th century, to the coming of the Japanese military in 1942, can be said to be the period when Islam became the main source of silat spiritualism. All traditional silat in West Jawa, Padang, and Sulawesi, have Islam as their spiritual guide. In fact most silat schools in Indonesia require faith in Allah and His Rasul.

After WWII and independence, and also after those who oppossed Indonesia's Independence went back to Holland and, finding racism, nostalgically came back to their silat, the sources of spiritualism in silat changed again.

Nowadays you find Catholic Silat (Tunggal Hati Seminari), you find Islam silat (Cimande and all West Jawa styles), and Buddhist silat (usually these ate kung-fu based silat, developed by Indo-Chinese). In the West you might also find silat without the spiritualism addvertised as a devastating martial art or something in thar line. I would say that silat without spiritualism is not really silat, but merely fighting techniques. The science there is merely at the level of the art to kill and not yet the art of bringing to life. There is the tragic story of patricide in silat in the USA which can be taken as a warning to all silat learners that studying silat without the kebatinan is dangerous.

Silat is not an Islamic art if you use the word Islam strictly to refer to the religion brought by Muhammad (peace be upon him). Silat was around in Jawa long before the Prophet Muhammad saw was born in Makkah.

However Islam has a different meaning, a generic meaning, which is to submit wholeheartedly to the will of Allah. In this sense, Islam is akin to Tao, and is understood as deeper universal truths, rather than a particular tradition of beliefs. If you mean this when you say silat is an Islamic art, then yes, all silat must be Islamic. Silat can not go against the laws of the Universe such as the physical laws like gravity, or the spiritual laws like love, patience and so on.

Hormat,
Kiai Carita.

[SilatRucy]

hello brother pete

thank you very much for asking a worthwhile question it is much apppreciated!

the answer to this question lies in ones definition of silat?

transmission of physical martial art by means of imitation of teacher , may or maynot be held as true silat,however silat as i know it is a non physical transmission of true hikmah and ilim before any socalled amal!

what is pencak seni and silat?

just a little something to ponder on!

will chat soon, however please refer to my earlier posts as i have answered most of your questions there if imy posts have not been deleted!

peace

:Angel:

[SilatRucy]

assalamalaikum bang kiai carita


yes u absolutly hit the nail on the head or got to the HEART OF THE MATTER , thank you very much for taking the time to read the posts carefully, you have good heart and perception i agree and concur with your post,!

however my brother when i refer to silat i am refering to the silat as brought first time to the indo n malay area by the walisongo, the martial arts that existed there before was not known as silat it was termed by other names denoting whom and where the styles came from , ie india kalari china kuntao west java maenpo bali etc mencak sulawesi amenchakm etc etc.

N ot the physical so calleed martial arts as we know today as being refereed to as silat!

this board can learn a lot from you even my self !

wasalaam

:D :love:

[Wali]

assalamalaikum bang kiai carita


yes u absolutly hit the nail on the head or got to the HEART OF THE MATTER , thank you very much for taking the time to read the posts carefully, you have good heart and perception i agree and concur with your post,!

however my brother when i refer to silat i am refering to the silat as brought first time to the indo n malay area by the walisongo, the martial arts that existed there before was not known as silat it was termed by other names denoting whom and where the styles came from , ie india kalari china kuntao west java maenpo bali etc mencak sulawesi amenchakm etc etc.

N ot the physical so calleed martial arts as we know today as being refereed to as silat!

this board can learn a lot from you even my self !

wasalaam

:D :love:
Where did the Walisongo learn the silat they introduced?

[Kiai Carita]

Where did the Walisongo learn the silat they introduced?

Hi Wali, the Walisongo did not introduce any major silat form or style although some stories tell about Persian grappling and other arts being brought by them to Jawa. There was already a sophisticated fighting art in Indonesia which took on the arts of China and India long before the wali began their alchemical works in Jawa.

IMO, the importance of the wali was in preserving silat, not creating it. They alowed silat to become Islamic, like the Jawanese Ramayana and Mahabharata and the keris and the kujang. Without the wali using their power to preserve silat, silat might have dissapeared in Indonesia (Malay world) because it could have easily been branded as pagan.

However the wali saved Indonesia from that plight and silat in Indonesia became Islamic until recently in history. In Jawa, don't be surprised, the Hindu trinity Trimurti, Brahma, Wisnu and Syiwa, are considered to be Islamic as also all the heroes in Mahabharata and Ramayana. Surrealism if you may, but it saved alot of our culture from puritan and self-righteous but unknowledgeable Islam.

Hormat,
Kiai Carita.

[Wali]

Hi Wali, the Walisongo did not introduce any major silat form or style although some stories tell about Persian grappling and other arts being brought by them to Jawa. There was already a sophisticated fighting art in Indonesia which took on the arts of China and India long before the wali began their alchemical works in Jawa.

IMO, the importance of the wali was in preserving silat, not creating it. They alowed silat to become Islamic, like the Jawanese Ramayana and Mahabharata and the keris and the kujang. Without the wali using their power to preserve silat, silat might have dissapeared in Indonesia (Malay world) because it could have easily been branded as pagan.

However the wali saved Indonesia from that plight and silat in Indonesia became Islamic until recently in history. In Jawa, don't be surprised, the Hindu trinity Trimurti, Brahma, Wisnu and Syiwa, are considered to be Islamic as also all the heroes in Mahabharata and Ramayana. Surrealism if you may, but it saved alot of our culture from puritan and self-righteous but unknowledgeable Islam.

Hormat,
Kiai Carita.
Hi Kiai,

lol... I am aware of that. I was asking our friend SilatRucy as he made this claim in his post.

Cheers,
Wali

[britsilatinmt]

nice post kiai...

[dark-angle]

wali began their alchemical works in Jawa.

I have heard many people say this, are you saying that the Wali brought alchemical practices to Jawa. I cant see that that could be true because the Indians and Chinese both practice alchemy and they would have brought those teachings to Jawa before the Wali.

[pete_e]

silat as i know it is a non physical transmission of true hikmah and ilim before any socalled amal!


I've not heard these terms - hikmah, ilim and amal before. Please can you explaint them?

[pete_e]

Kiai, thanks for your reply. It is good to hear the view that it is spirituality in general that is essential to the nature of Silat, rather than a particular religion. Fortunately this is a view that my teacher and his teachers share.

I am still curious as to whether this is a view shared by those who believe that Silat is an Islamic art? I am not asking this to be argumentative - but in a genuine effort to understand the views of my Silat brothers. If anyone prefers to answer this question privately, please feel free to PM me.

Kiai - you mentioned an unfortunate story of patricide in Silat in the USA. Can you tell me more about this (or point me in the right direction)?

[SilatRucy]

salaams to all my brothers and sister on this forum

when i refer to wali songo silat i mean that the spiritual side that they brought, i agree wholehearted that walisongo didnot bring silat in the physical terms of the art but there silat was solely based on devine inspiration and that devine inspiration became movements of self defence ie their silat they did not have jurus and buahs etc to learn! this spiritual component was later added to physical martial arts systems that already existed in indo and malaya.


brother pete hikmah =wisdom ilim =knowledge/science amal=practicse hope this help.

wali if you read my post on true walisongo geaneology you wouldnt have to ask, yes they come from india, but before that they came from the arab lands as arabs with silat (ilmu bathin ) already mastered!

brother pete please refer to my posts on silat kalimah on islam n silat thread, i respect your adab and reciprocate your wishes with an open heart!

salaams :Angel: :love:

[SilatRucy]

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

Assalaamualaikum to all muslim and Hi to all truth seeking pesilat melayu,



“The term means the method that is followed and occurs in the relationship between Allah and man caused by their attitude and their actions towards the law of Allah sent down through His prophets that lay down Allah’s responses to man on earth and in hereafter.”

Sunahtullah are therefore fixed truth about the rules of Allah that will happen uin response to specific behaviour and actions of man.

What is its correlation to SILAT? If it is to be part of din islam, the “spirit” of the word must reflects the fundamental of the religion.

S -yariat (Rule of Allah / Sunatullah),

I -badah (worship),

L -aku (moral),

A -kidah (creed / belief) and,

T -akwa (fear).

Everything that happens in this world follow certain set patterns. Nothing ever occurs by chance or by coincidence. Rule of Allah or His Sunatullah.

Al-Ahzab (The Confederates) 33:62
That was the way of Allah in the case of those who passed away of old, and you will not find any change in the way of Allah.

[Kiai Carita]

I have heard many people say this, are you saying that the Wali brought alchemical practices to Jawa. I cant see that that could be true because the Indians and Chinese both practice alchemy and they would have brought those teachings to Jawa before the Wali.

Dark-angle, if you got the idea that I was saying that before the wali there were no alchemists in Jawa, you did not get me right. Of course there were many alchemists in Jawa before the wali began practising. None were called alchemists though, before or after the wali. Only recently has the term alchemy been used in public space in Indonesia.

As far as I know the only person to make a public exhibition of alchemy in Jawa to date was yours truly, beginning in several exhibitions titled 'Keringat Rakyat', 'Rupa Rupa Untuk Maysaroh', 'Ilmu Tai Jadi Emas', 'Al Kimiya', and 'Masturbasi Reformasi' all done around 1998-1999 in Yogyakarta and Ngawi.

The art of transformation was practised long before the wali came to Jawa. In many Jawa legends you will find the telling of the practise of the art of transformation. Aji Saka from India, Prabu Mahagunggung and Dewi Sri from Medangkamulan, Mpu Baradah from Atasangin, Erlangga from East Jawa, Mpu Supa Mandrangi, Ni Mbok Sombro from Pajajaran, were all aknowledged to have done alchemical feats and their works can still be found today.

Hormat,
Kiai Carita.